Illusion and Fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams

Illusion and Fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams An illusion is fake belief whereas fantasy is imagining fanciful visions. Both these themes are important in the play because they show how they can be mistaken for reality by each character in the play. The themes illusion and fantasy are involved from the start of the play. We learn from when Stanley throws the package of meat down to Stella that he is a dominant character and that his relationship with Stella isn’t as happy as it may seem to be. Even in scene 2, Stanley’s aggressiveness is shown towards Stella, ‘since when do you give me orders?’. However, the most significant example of his brutality is during the Poker Game in scene 3. This is where the themes illusion and fantasy are brought in, because Stella lives in a fantasy world with Stanley. We learn how Stanley keeps Stella under the thumb. However violent Stanley might be, she won’t reveal that her relationship has problems to Blanche or anyone, ‘it wasn’t anything as serious as you seem to take it. In the first place, when men are drinking and playing poker anything can happen.’ Stella has psychologically made herself get used to this behaviour from Stanley, ‘why, on our wedding – soon as we came in here – he snatched off one of my slippers and rushed about the place, smashing the light bulbs with it.’ She has made it seem normal because she is illusioned by the thought that what they have is too strong to let go. Stanley is like an addictive drug to her, for example, in scene 4, Stella is in ‘narcotised tranquillity’. However rough he may be, Stella needs Stanley as a fix. It is as though she is brainwashed by him. When Blanche comments on the previous nights even... ...he becomes desperate and unhinged. She sees marriage as her only means of escaping her demons, so Mitch’s rejection amounts to a sentence of living in her internal world. Once Mitch crushes the make-believe identity Blanche has constructed for herself, Blanche begins to descend into madness. With no audience for her lies, which Blanche admits are necessary when she tells Mitch that she hates reality and prefers â€Å"magic,† Blanche begins performing for herself. Yet Blanche’s escapist tendencies no longer show her need to live in a world full of pleasant bourgeois ease. Instead of fancy and desire, her new alternate reality reflects regret and death. She is alone, afraid of both the dark and the light; her own mind provides her with a last support of escape. Her fantasies control her, not the other way around, but still she shrinks from the horror of reality.

A Discussion on the Renaissance Art and Its Influences Essay

1. The Renaissance style is considered as a collective movement related to the reawakening of art – particularly drawing, painting, sculpture, and architecture – that centered in Italy from 1300-1600 (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 265-266).   This movement evolved over the years as people – tired of the medieval life of poverty and sickness – started to develop new world views.   These world views centered on essential and profound questions related to human beings, their lives, and their purposes in lives.   They formed striking similarities to the Greco-Roman intellectual discourses, which were overshadowed during the dark times of the medieval age but rediscovered during the reawakening period of the Renaissance. Experts agreed that the Renaissance movement started in Florence, Italy, then a trading center between Europe and the rest of the world and a platform for exchange of ideas, purchase of arts, and commissioning of literary works (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 267).   In Italy, people began to question tradition and authority, focus on life on earth, shape their own destinies, educate their selves and revisit the classical teachings from Greece and Rome.   Teachings from Italy were then dispersed elsewhere in Europe and the world through the printing press, a revolutionary invention during the Renaissance (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 265). See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay One example of a Renaissance art that is a symbol of the inner health of the people during that era was Raphael’s School of Athens (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 315).   This painting pictured the great minds who existed in the city of Athens in Greece – Socrates, Plato and Aristotle – who were gathered in what appeared to be a school.   In the painting, the great minds seemed to be enthralled in a lively exchange of ideas.   Experts said that School of Athens attempted to show that the ancient greats of Greece were as good as the Renaissance men of Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo.   In fact in the painting, the three Renaissance artists were supposed to be Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Another example of a Renaissance art that embodied the dynamism and transformation peculiar to the period was the sculpture of Michelangelo of David when the artist was at a relatively young age of 26 (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 286). David was depicted as a civilized and a thinking individual who contemplates on challenges without immediately resorting to unnecessary brute.   David was said to represent the brightness of the Renaissance man.   It was also said to epitomize the confidence that the people then were feeling in influencing their destinies in terms of trouncing evil and gaining victories. Renaissance humanism is a notion that sprang during this period.   This notion placed emphasis on the capacity of human beings to manipulate their future without overreliance on the church (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 287).   Although much of the art works had religious themes, the works portrayed religious icons as humans.   Such portrayal made light of the religious canons imposed by the church.   Instead, the portrayal highlighted the human spirit and its capacity to elevate to great heights.   One example of an art work that displayed humanism was Sandro Botticelli’s Birth of Venus, which depicted the goddess as an innocent woman with the use of pastel colors.   Another example is Simone Martini’s Annunciation, where an angel painted in realistic human dimensions and appearance appeared to tell Mary that she will bear God’s son. The rebirth of the artistic movement in Italy was largely attributed to the successful businessmen in the city of Florence who fed, trained, educated and provided for the basic needs of the artists (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 268).  Ã‚   These patrons commissioned works based on clear-cut agreements. The powers of these businessmen from the Medici family stretched all the way to Rome, allowing many artists to secure contracts to accomplish religious works of arts for the Catholic Church.  Ã‚   The patronage of the Medici family for the artists was crucial to the Renaissance as artists were elevated to a stature important to the beautification and strengthening of the culture of Florence.   When the Medici family declined, artists went to Rome where they received the patronage of the pope (Weekly Lectures, n.d.). 3. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, there had been a fierce and widespread sentiment about the perceived abuses of the Catholic Church (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 240).   People felt that the leaders of the church were leading extravagant lives that contrasted with the generally modest, if not poor, living of the majority of the people.   There were classes within the population that wanted to lead  Ã‚  Ã‚   towards positive change.   People were also weary of being caught in the cross-fire of conflicts between the Catholic Church and Kings, both desired power and wealth. To top these off, people were staring to change their beliefs about the capabilities of human beings during the Renaissance. These situations were the precursors to the ushering of the Protestant Reformation, which was set off by German monk Martin Luther.   Luther questioned the corruption and moral degradation in Rome and in the whole of the Catholic Church through his writings in The 95 Theses.   The Church however was not willing to change its ways.   It then financed the Counter-Reformation (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, p. 297). Immediately, art became the medium of propagating the beliefs of the Protestants, who had their bailiwicks in northern Europe, and Catholics, whose strongholds were in the south.   For the Catholics, art must focus on religious contents with certain symbolisms that magnify the holiness of the contents.   The Catholic art was similar to the art that had prevailed in the Middle Ages.   For the Protestants, Catholic religious contents in arts were idolatrous that must be destroyed through iconoclastic movements during the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant art was similar to the art of the humanist Renaissance artists who depicted contents in realistic settings. As a response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church introduced a Counter-Reformation.   It instituted a few changes within the church but became more austere in regulating heresy.   Regulations covered the arts, sending Catholic painters to produce religious contents similar to those done during the Middle Ages. Content in arts was the distinguishing factor between the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.   For the Protestants during the Reformation, paintings centered on mundane activities of everyday existence.   Occasionally, paintings drawn out of scenes from the Bible were made.   However, these paintings depicted the religious contents in a humanistic manner.  Ã‚   Simple scenes found in regular occasions were also contained in paintings.   Generally, the contents did not attempt to glorify contents through symbols. For the Catholics during the Counter-Reformation, paintings focused on idealized religious contents that contained symbolisms of holiness, omnipotence, and great glory.   These religious contents were idealized in terms of appearance and the environment in which they were depicted to move.   Painters did not paint flaws.  Ã‚   They likewise veered from common scenes experienced by common people.   Some of the religious contents depicted in the Counter-Reformation included Catholic saints, sacraments, traditions, and codes of belief taught by the Catholic Church. The arts during Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation were divergent largely because of the opposing world views espoused by the Protestants and the Catholics.   On one hand, the Protestants believed that man could shape his destiny and approach God because the sacrifices of Christ were enough to save human souls.   On the other hand, the Catholics believed that intermediaries like saints and the Virgin Mary were needed to help Catholics approach God and enter the gates of heaven. Because intermediaries were needed, Catholics created relics where divine powers were supposed to reside.   A form of these relics is a typical painting created during Reformation.   Catholics worshipped the relics and sought from these relics intervention in order to get the graces of God. Because Protestants believed in the value of man and Christ’s sacrifices, they loathed these relics and called these relics channels of idolatry.

Early Childhood Education Child Protection Essay example

Every child has the right to a full and productive life. Under the national framework for Protecting Australia’s Children (2009), protecting children is everyone’s responsibility: Parents, communities, governments and businesses all have a role to play. Children’s services have an important part to play in protecting children who may be at risk of harm or illness. Educators have a duty of care to protect and preserve the safety, health and wellbeing of all children in their care and must always act in their best interests. Policies have been developed at a local, state and federal level to provide a foundation for improving and maintaining the safety and wellbeing of Australia’s young people. The purpose of this report is to analyse†¦show more content†¦Legislators again place value on the role of the educator, stating, quite strongly that â€Å"Staff members of a children’s service must ensure that every reasonable precaution is taken to protect a child†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Children’s Services Act, 1996, p27) Though the previous two policies had provisions for the emotional wellbeing of the child, this policy places equal value to the physical wellbeing of the child. What precipitated the development of the policy? Australia began to acknowledge the existence of child protection issues during the 1960’s, which led to legislative reform and Australia signing the ‘United Nations Declaration of the rights of the child’ in 1981 (McCallum, 2002). In recent years there has been an increased awareness of child protection emerging from increased incidents of child harm and abuse and intensified research. During this time, policy makers and service providers have developed a greater understanding of children’s needs and have come together to bring us our current policies. Further investigation into the development of each of the six child safety/protection policies; found that they are manifestations of each other. For instance without the Children’s Services Act 1996 and the Children, Youth and Families Act 2005, the DNCK child protection policy would not have been developed as now services have a legal responsibility to have current and relevant policies within theirShow MoreRelatedLegal and Ethical Issues in Childcare1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relevant government agency that deals with child protection in your state – South Australia. The South Australia Department for Families and Communities (DFC) is responsible for child protection among other things. (COAG) Families SA runs the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478. The Report Line is the focal point where all child protection concerns are to be reported. There are three teams in operation during these times. 1) The standard Child Abuse Report Line team is made up of social workersRead MoreProvide High-Quality Inclusive, Early Childhood Education and Care638 Words   |  3 PagesSDN, a not-for profit organisation is committed in providing quality and inclusive services for children and families in need of early childhood education and care services such as long day care centres and pre-schools within the regions of New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. In addition to these mainstream services, SDN caters specific programs and early intervention support designed for children with high care needs that require additional assistance and their families of marginalisedRead MoreSelf Awareness and Interpersonal Skills1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis highlighting the importance of self-awareness and interpersonal skills within the early child care setting. The rights of the child within the ECCE. How to communicate effectively with children their families and other colleagues and how thi s benefits all involved. How being part of a team within the ECCE benefits and what regulations are put in place to ensure quality of education and the quality of the child care setting and facilities. Self-Awareness is the understanding of your own personalityRead MoreSelf Awareness and Interpersonal Skills1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis highlighting the importance of self-awareness and interpersonal skills within the early child care setting. The rights of the child within the ECCE. How to communicate effectively with children their families and other colleagues and how this benefits all involved. How being part of a team within the ECCE benefits and what regulations are put in place to ensure quality of education and the quality of the child care setting and facilities. Self-Awareness is the understanding of your own personalityRead MoreThe Early Years Of A Child s Life1361 Words   |  6 Pages The early years of a child’s life are the most important, their general well-being, their emotional and social development and their physical, intellectual and emotional growth. â€Å"First the education of the scenes, then the education of the intellect. The essential thing is for the task to arouse such as an interest that engages the child’s whole personality.† (Montessori, 1967, cited in Madeod-Brudenell and Key. 2008:21) Children develop at different paces, therefore they should be carefully observedRead MoreThe First Job Position That I Got Became The Fire Chief1053 Words   |  5 PagesCounty’s fire/rescue protection system which includes assessing community needs, setting priorities, determining available resources, and evaluating protection options. †¢ Formulates and enforces departmental rules and regulations, work methods, and procedures. †¢ Reviews reports of the activities of each fire/rescue division and provides feedback to area managers, works with staff in setting and accomplishing goals in the area of training, maintenance, codes, administration, public education, fire investigationRead MoreHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatly to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocenceRead MoreMy Proposal For Children Under The Age Of Six980 Words   |  4 Pagesquality preschool education. Since 1979, the one-child policy has been in effect for 30 years in China. The first generation of single child are now growing into childbearing age. The one-child policy in China is altering family roles and child-rearing practices, raising concerns about the possible harmful effects of too much attention and pampering. It has strengthened the emphasis on education for young children. Children in China enter elementary school and take a systematically education at age 6, beforeRead MoreThis Section Focuses On The Limitation Of Childhood Obesity1153 Words   |  5 PagesThis section focuses on the limitation of childhood obesity and the various sources and implications of finding. It also discusses future recommendations and proposals to fight this social and serious condition within our nation. Although, NSLP is federally funded program there are limitations of funds that is distributed across our nation. Depending on the needs of a school, district zoning and population, the state funds can be scarce. CDC is another funding source that also supports school healthRead MoreThe Importance Of Nutrition And Supportive Environment1526 Words   |  7 Pagesof development- Global context The first 1000 days of life is defined as the duration starting from period of conception up to 2 years of child age.After several evidences have been found that nutrition plays an extremely important role in the early childhood development, to be specific, within 1000 days of period between conception to 2nd Birthday of child(1), the global movement of The First Thousand Days has started in 2010 in Washington DC. (2) The effect of receiving sufficient nutrients and

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - 867 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel written by Harper Lee and published in 1960. It was a very successful book, winning the Pulitzer Prize and becoming a modern American classic. Ostensibly, the title of To Kill a Mockingbird has scant literary connection to the plot of the story, but the recurring mockingbird motif symbolizes the innocent and good characters in this novel. Miss Maudie explains to Scout why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird: â€Å"Your father’s right. Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† To Kill a Mockingbird likens three characters, Tom Robinson, Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley, and Atticus Finch, to mockingbirds. Tom Robinson is the most easily identifiable mockingbird in this story. Although he is a peaceful, respectful man who helps Mayella Ewell without asking for anything in return, he is falsely accused and dies tragically as a result. Mr. Underwood, Maycomb’s newspaper editor, likens Tom’s death to the â€Å"senseless slaughter of innocent songbirds by hunters and children† in the editorial he writes immediately after the Negro’s death. As shooting a mockingbird results in the loss of a sweet song-maker, the death of Tom brings no good fruit—it only satisfies the destructive racial prejudice of the South. Tom is also targeted for the same reasons that mockingbirds are targetedShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former n ewspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there w as poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Threats of Terror Essay - 5144 Words

Threats of Terror This article analyses the intellectual, religious, national and moral processes through which a democratic society has had to confront in its day-to-day routines under the ever-present threat of terror. It discusses the effects of the terror over the character of Israeli society and the critical debates in its system of education. As far as it can be ascertained through the observations in this study, the general publics’ attitude could be defined as a mildly moral realistic one: people think that terror and violence have objective foundations but certainly embody some subjective human conventions and beliefs. Is it possible in a democratic society to†¦show more content†¦Would this be a successful way of providing a channel to filter students responses while allowing them to vent their feelings? If everyone in every society could be a target of terror, are there any particular proficiencies or skills that would enable teachers to explain what had happened and why? Should every teacher carry on with ‘business as usual’ thus seeking to maintain normalcy and a sense of control by adhering to routine as the best manner of addressing such a horrific reality? Aspirations for a global society governed by everyone playing fairly by the rules, has been one of the casualties of September 11th. The fall of the Berlin Wall brought with it hope of establishing a new world order, founded on international law and paralleled by the spread of institutions for international co-operation. However, in recent years a nightmare scenario of growing world disorder and rising ethnic tensions has replaced the global dream of a world governed by enlightened self-control by a community of peace-loving nations with a world rife with the prospect of mega-terrorism and amplification of violence and bloodshed as a frightening reality. Apparently the political goals at the beginning of 21st century inflame new wars and terror, on the basis of traditionalShow MoreRelatedThreat Of Terror3454 Words   |  14 Pagesarea where we just threw money at to serve our interest. But with the advent of the global war on terror, the United Stated found themselves reacting to the knock on the door which was 911. September 11, 2001 creates as abrupt development of ideals in America on how to handle the increasing threat of global terror. America found itself in a need to create policies for responding to threat of terror at a rapid pace. The U.S. now had to confront what they once ignored and I don’t believe that at atRead MoreThe Threat Of The Terror Group Isis1727 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States is now debating what action should be taken to combat the terror group ISIS. To prevent ISIS from harming our national security, to stop the threat of international terrorism and to stop the destruction of Iraq and its people The United States should send ground troops to Iraq to co mbat ISIS. Many people do not think the government should send troops to Iraq to stop the threat of ISIS becoming a national threat to the United States. The Obama administration has focused on bombing ISISRead MoreThe Latest Terror Threat: Targeting the Elements of the US Information Infrastructure981 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ As a growing majority of middle class families fall victim to the economic devastation of the Great Recession, suffering from prolonged unemployment, depleted job markets and a rising cost of living, the threat of potential terrorist attacks striking America and its interests seems to have faded into the proverbial background of our collective consciousness. With a transfer of power from the hawkish Bush Administration to President Obama and his more diplomatic approach, major media outlets inRead MoreThe War Of The French Revolution899 Words   |  4 Pageswill of the people. The Reign of Terror had many unjustified events. The Reign of Terror violated many of the people’s rights set by the Declaration of Rights.†No one should be silenced on account of his opinions, including his religious views.†(Dec. of rights) Basically the government should not be able to punish people who disagree with them. This explains how the reign of terror was not justified because it violated the idea of the revolution. The Reign of Terror did the opposite of article 10.Read MoreNazi Consolidation of Power in 1933 Was Primarily Due to the Use of Terror and Violance. How Far Do You Agree with This Judgement?1716 Words   |  7 PagesNazi consolidation of power in 1933 was due to the use of terror and violence. However the terror and violence was very limited because the Nazis weren’t in a strong enough position to exert terror and violence alone. Nazi propaganda against the communists made most Germans fearful of Communism therefore allowing Nazis to consolidate a bit more power through means of terror. On the other hand the Nazi party’s policy of legality and the threat of communism are to a large extent the underlining mostRead MoreThe Reign of Terror: Was it Justified?651 Words   |  3 Pagesgain the rights not extended to them, the Terror grows becoming more and more gruesome. The French revolution began in late 1789 to obtain the rights that every citizen in born with. The motto of the French was liberty, equality, or death and the price to be paid for the civil liberties was blood. The revolutionary leader Robespierre and journalist Marat explained the more blood the better so that was what raged the people and started the Reign of Terror. Were the values expressed by the French RevolutionRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Reign Of Terror792 Words   |  4 Pagesthe execution of Maximilien de Robespierre, the Reign of Terror senselessly guillotined thousands of people. Conditions in France in 1793 and 1794 were not serious enough to justify the revolutionary government’s response due to the response to external threats, response to internal threats, and the extreme methods deployed. The government’s response to the external threats to France was indisputably unjustified throughout the Reign of Terror. In 1972, France engaged in war with a Prussian and AustrianRead MoreWhich Terror Is Greater: Secular or Religious? Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesWhich Terror Is Greater: Secular or Religious? Alexandra C. Zuà ±iga CJ290/ Terrorism Mr. Scott Thompson Kaplan College 12/20/2012 Abstract Secular terror is anything that does not have to do with religion; however, religious tactics can be used to get ahead in secular terrorist organizations. Religious terror is based on the protecting, converging, and maintaining beliefs of a religion upheld by a religious terrorist group. Although different tactics are carried out by each different groupRead MoreExamining the Domestic Terror Groups: An Important Study for the Homeland Security667 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough the threat posed by foreign terrorist organizations is often foremost in the public consciousness as a result of al-Qaedas attack on September 11th, 2001, the threat from domestic terror groups remains a central concern of those responsible for homeland security. In fact, while the United States has not suffered from another foreign attack in the decade since 9/11, research by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, along with non-governmental organizations, has found that the number of domesticRead MoreU.s. Gover nment And Terrorism1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been facing an array of diverse threats from Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIEs), terror groups, International Criminal Syndicates, Multinational Industrial Competitors, and Cyber Intruders. In most instances, the FIEs and terror cells use intricate modern covert, overt, and clandestine techniques to gather crucial information regarding the U.S. government and its operations across the globe. However, following the disastrous attacks on 9/11, the U.S. government has been formulating

Hubungan Tenaga Kerja Free Essays

Individual project: Research current theories in employment relations I. Traditional perspectives on the employment relationship. Traditional perspectives are important because they express the different assumptions that other make about the nature of organization, the fundamental nature of the relationship between workers and employers, and the characteristics of the society within which work organization exist and function. We will write a custom essay sample on Hubungan Tenaga Kerja or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three views are most frequently referred to as the unitary, pluralist and Marxist perspectives. The Marxist/ radical perspective is sometimes referred to as the Conflict Model. Each offers a particular perception of workplace relations and will therefore interpret such events as workplace conflict, the role of trade unions and job regulation very differently. 2. 1 the unitary perspective In Unitary perspective, the organization is perceived as an integrated and harmonious whole with the ideal of â€Å"one happy family†, where management and other members of the staff all share a common purpose, emphasizing mutual cooperation. Furthermore, unitary has a paternalistic approach where it demands loyalty of all employees, being predominantly managerial in its emphasis and application. 2. 2. 1 management style management’s right to manage and make decision is seen as rational, legitimate and acceptable to all ( Salamon 1987) its mean there is only one source of power and authority. 2. 2. 2 roles of parties For the management have to provide good communication skill and also strong leadership skill. The employees roles should be loyal to organization and management. 2. 2. employment relations perspective The aggressive style of management (strong emphasis on HRM such commonality and organizational goal) that can promote the avoidance or marginalization of trade unions 2. 2. 4 weakness/critisms A narrow approach that neglects cause of conflict, fails to explain the prevalence of conflict within organization. Assumption that all management decisions are rational and will take care of employee needs. Does not take account for uneven distribution of power among employees and employers in the decision making process. . 2. 5 a unitary perspective, which informs in human resource management (HRM) HRM also knew as modern form that approach by unitarism perspective to industrial relations characteristics, that is. The management of the employment relationship primary from the perspective of the employer. This can be refer in the main focus of HRM. Such as plan human resource requirement, recruit and hire employees, train and manage employee performance, reward employees and dismissal or retire employee. The two main forms within the HRM approach are known as: . Soft HRM is developmental humanism, 2. Hard HRM is instrumental integration of employees into company objective. This two perspective to HRM can also be seen as the best practice approach and contingency approach. 2. 2 the pluralism perspective In The pluralism perspective the manager approve foster freedom of expression and the development of groups, which establish their own norms and choose their own informal leaders. Organization Power is diffused among the main bargaining groups within the employment relationships (no-one dominates). Because of the power and control arise in several areas of the organisation and loyalty is commanded by the leaders of the groups, which are often in competition with each other for resources. Pluralist perspective regards conflict as inevitable because employers and employees have conflicting interests; trade unions are seen as a legitimate counter to management authority. This is mean, represents good leadership, although sometimes it can be difficult to achieve the necessary balance, in which the interests of all stakeholders have to be taken into account. The management style under pluralist perspective focuses on consensus building. However, according to Rensis Likert, when employees become involved in solving work-related problems and making decisions, they become involved in what they are doing and committed to the achievement of successful outcomes (Likert, 1961). 2. 3. 6 roles of parties Management will attempt to reconcile conflicting and keep the conflict within acceptable bound so that does not destroy the organization. Employees will accept mutual adjustment and will constantly push for their own goals . 3. 7 employment relations perspective The role of government was to develop and manage the framework and, through legislation, to ensure that conciliation or arbitration was available to the parties to achieve a binding consensus. 2. 3. 8 weakness/critisms The concept of pluralism is inextricably linked to the idea of democracy (Flanders 1965). The reality is that workplace is not a democracy. In Power context is not evenly d iffused: it is typically weighted towards management in the workplace. Pluralist thinking lends itself to the conclusion that there is a simple and straightforward set of processes that resolve conflict, and that conflict can be readily managed through rules, regulations and processes. 2. 3. 9 a pluralist perspective, leading to ‘ neo-institutional’ approaches. Neo-institutional approach emerged in an attempt to extend the pluralist thingking for the role of ‘rule making’ in the employment relationship. they have Two type of the rules : formal / informal rules, substantive/ procedural rules. And this rules are made as a result of the forces and imperatives of capitalst social relations, in society and workeplace. And some others features. 2. 3 marximst perspective The radical or Marxist perspective sees industrial conflict as an aspect of class conflict. The solution to worker alienation and exploitation is the overthrow of the capitalist system. 2. 4. 10 general philosophy Inherent and irreconcilable conflict. 2. 4. 11 management style Management is focused upon extracting the maximum amount of labour from the workforce. Under modern capitalism, this seen more sophisticated managerial applications such as TQM or HRM. 2. 4. 12 roles of parties Roles employees challenging management control in demand and obtain as much as they can. For employers to make extract as much as possible 2. 4. 13 employment relations perspective The Marxist perspectives argue that the balance of power between capital and labour promoted in the pluralist perspective is illusionary (Salamon 1987). In the context of power relations, a balance is achieved through the implicit knowledge that employers can withdraw their capital and employees cab withdraw their labour. . 4. 14 weakness/critisms Preoccupied with conflict: obscures any cooperation or shared goals between management and workers. Capital is not homogenous: competition among capitalists. The theory was formulated at a time when labour did not have a representative political view. 2. 4. 15 radical perspective, which enables a ‘labour process’ approach. Becau se management’s goals and labor’s goals are in the long term—opposed, it cannot also be assumed that management will be able to capture all of the potential labour. Management is obliged to seek increased effort. Labour may not always agree, especially when the extra effort only goes to making increased profits for the employer. Because the employment relationship is open-ended, management needs some system of controlling and improving labour effort, and the relationship is constantly renegotiated. Braverman identified the first major method through which management sought to control labour, such as Productivity through deskilling labour. Braverman also argued that Taylorism and scientific management are strategies to maximise the conversion of potential into actual labour, by simplifying the work process and minimizing employee discretion. Some researchers argued that Braverman oversimplified the complexity of management’s strategies. Friedman, for example, argued that management could either use ‘direct control’ as outlined by Braverman or it could use more sophisticated, commitment-based strategies. IV. references books: * Teicher, J. , Holland, P. , and Gough. R (Eds. ), (2006). Employee Relations Management, 2nd Edition. French Forest, NSW: Prentice-Hall. * Nankervis, A. , Compton, R. , and Baird, M. (2008) Human Resource Management: strategies precesses, South Melbourne : Cengage Learning Australia. Stone, R. J. (2008). Human Resource Management. (6th ed. ). Brisbane, Australia: John Wiley Sons. * De Cieri, H. , Kramar, R. , Noe, R. A. , Hollenbeck, J. R. , Gerhart, B. Wright, P. M. (2005). Human Resource Management in Australia (2nd ed. ). Australia: McGraw-Hill. * Dessler, G, (2004). Human Resource Management. (10th Ed. ), New Jersey: Prentice Hall. * Dessler, G. , Griffiths, J. Lloyd-Walker, B. (2007). HRM. (3rd Ed. ), Australia: Pearson Education. * Sappey, R. , Burgess, J. , Lyons, M. Buultjens, J. (2009). Industrial Relations in Australia Work and Workplaces (2nd ed. ). Australia: Pearson. Online resource:   http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_resources http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Unitarism,+Pluralism,+and+Human+Resource+Management+in+Germany-a057816024 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Industrial_relations http://www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/77199. aspx How to cite Hubungan Tenaga Kerja, Papers

Research Paper on Blood Meridian free essay sample

In Cormac McCarthy’s western American classic,  Blood Meridian, the author uses violence to exemplify the brutality of men and how inhumane westerners in this period behaved. Throughout the novel,  Blood Meridian, members of the Glanton Gang kill Indians and take their scalps in exchange for money from the Mexican government which shows how corrupt not only the people are, but even the government during this time period. â€Å"Adopted from an actual episode dating from the late 1840’s, when the Mexican government paid American mercenaries episodes of slaughter and mayhem† (Parini 180). This proves to readers that this book is not completely fiction and gives the reader an idea of what is happening less than two hundred years ago. The Glanton Gang relentlessly kills people inlcluding the elderly and children alike. â€Å"He took the skinning knife from his belt and stepped where the old woman lay and took up her hair and passed the blade of the knife about her skull and ripped away the scalp† (98). This is a perfect example of how McCarthy exerts explicit detail to show how heartlessly the Glanton Gang killed Indians. Glanton abruptly shot the woman in the back of the head before scalping her. An innocent woman being slaughtered without reason shows how humans will do anything to satisfy their limitless thirst for wealth. Throughout the entire book there are endless deaths, but not all are of which are Indians which shows another example of how crazed and inhumane westerners acted in this period. Towards the end of  Blood Meridian, there is a dancing bear on stage in a saloon that gets shot without reason. â€Å"He was holding his chest and a thin foam of blood swung from his jaw and he began to totter and to cry like a child and he took a few steps, dancing, and crashed to the boards (326). The way McCarthy described the bear’s death is almost as if it were human, perhaps even a child. During this time frame in the West, the people acted ferocious and barbaric; not only towards others, but towards the wildlife as well. â€Å"The unnatural acts here are manynature as captive, forced to dance on a stage, crying like a child, its death as the shedding of blood without meaning or significance† (Spurgeon 1). It is slightly understandable that the people here are corrupt by killing each other for their own benefits, but to harm animals which have done nothing wrong is considered even more shallow. The death of the bear shows a slaughter of innocence and how inhumane the westerners were for killing an innocent bear. The nameless protagonist of  Blood Meridian, the Kid, travels with a cult and the reader learns how he changes from an innocent boy to a ruthless man through his experiences and interactions with the West and the people in it. At the end of the book, when the Kid is fully grown, he is killed by Judge Holden. The author, oddly enough, does not describe the Kid’s death in great detail as McCarthy does to others. Although it was not blatantly stated, the Kid was not only killed but raped as well. â€Å"He was naked and he rose up smiling and gathered him in his arms against his immense and terrible flesh and shot the wooden bar latch home behind him† (333). The only reason for the Judge to be naked after killing the Kid is if he raped the Kid. Throughout the novel, there are many hints that lead towards the fact that Holden molests children as well. â€Å"Shortly before the killing, Holden remarks that the Kid was a traitor to Glanton’s band and its principles in having show clemency for the heathen† (Sepich 1). The Judge had a vendetta with the Kid because he was the only one in the gang who showed compassion towards others. Other members of the gang were only there to obtain wealth, while the Kid simply did not have anywhere else to be. For being compassionate, the Judge kills the Kid thus illustrating how the westerners in this period behaved very uncivilized and only acted to benefit themselves. Blood Meridian  mainly follows a group of bandits known as the Glanton Gang and their adventure to kill Indians and take their scalps to sell for money which shows a loss of innocence since anyone part of such degrading cult is evl as well. The Mexican government pays members of this cult for killing which further proves the corruption in the west. â€Å"They’re to pay him a hundred dollars a head for scalps and a thousand for Gomez’s head (79). People of this time period did not have many morals and were genuinely dehumanized. Nearly all members of the Glanton Gang can be considered dehumanized since they killed for money. â€Å"At the center of the action is the Judge, who controls his hang of soldiers through fear, wit, and his innate mastery of human nature† (Baird 971). Holden uses fear to force the other members of the Gang to do as he pleases. All members of the Gang know each other’s backgrounds, but none know anything about the Judge. Due to his mysterious nature, other members of the gang are petrified of Holden because they do not know what he is capable of. Anyone who joins a bloodthirsty cult such as the Glanton Gang exhibits a loss of innocence and dehumanization due to the fact that they kill for wealth. Although the Kid is killed by Holden at the end of the novel, there were three instances where he was told to take down the Judge, but he refused thus his inability to kill the Judge being his downfall. Judge Holden is the villain of this novel by manipulating everyone, killing the Kid for being compassionate, and molesting children. The ultimate trade awaiting the ultimate practitioner. That is the way it was and will be† (248). By having this mindset, the Judge thinks that war is inevitable for man. â€Å" the Judge seems to feel that the power to inflict death imparts a godlike sense of superiority over it. A great killer must love to kill† (Parini 182). The Judge believes that he is above all else and that he has the right to take away lives solely for his entertainment. Judge Holden is completely consumed with violence and evil since he believes that humans were made for solely for war. Judge Holden represents the true embodiment for evil in  Blood Meridian. Blood Meridian follows the Kid from when he was seventeen until he dies nearly thirty years later, so the reader begins to grow feelings for the Kid as they see him grow up and change from an innocent, lost boy into a strong, compassionate man. At the start of the novel, the author describes the Kid as he is sitting outside alone. â€Å"See the Child. He is pale and thing, he wears a thing and ragged linen shirt. He strokes the scullery fire. Outside lie dark turned fields with rags of snow and darker woods beyond that harbor yet a few last wolves† (3). In the beginning, the Kid was just a lost boy with no where to go nor he did not know right from wrong. The Kid represents innocence and purity because he did not understand how evil the world could be; he sat outside with a fire trying to simply survive on his own. After the Kid joined the Glanton Gang, he started to develop malevolent characteristics that changed him to become the killer he died as. Although e joined the gang, he was able to retain some of his innocence and compassion because he did not let Judge Holden control him as he did to other members in the gang. â€Å" young children should be put into pits with wild dogs, forced to fight like lions.. Only those with the most perfect wills would survive such tests.. the Kid faces several such tests through the narrative and fails them.. He alone aids in removing an arrow from a gang member’s leg when no one else would† (Spurgeon 1). The Kid shows compassion towards other members of the gang, as if they were his family. If the Kid had been raised by a family then he would have never joined the gang. The Kid’s lack of a family is his down which causes him to lose his innocence and good will. McCarthy never tells the reader what the characters are thinking or how they feel, instead he uses the landscape to convey the tone of each scene. Most of the book takes places in the desert which is a very harsh landscape to travel through. â€Å" they crossed the malpais afoot, leading the horses upon a lakebed of lava all cracked and reddish black like a pan of died blood They crossed a cinderland of caked slurry and volcanic ash imponderable as the burned-out floor of hell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (251). The author uses imagery to convey the desert landscape as hell. â€Å"Blood Meridian is the Inferno of our time, though the architecture has changed. Hell here is an open desert landscape, an endless journey past demonic shapes and beings living and dead† (Vann 1). The hellish desert is also a symbol for death because all of the Indian ambushes and Indian scalping occurs in the desert. Hell is described as a demonic, evil place where nothing good can come out of. In Blood Meridian, the deserts are used to convey death in the novel in comparison to Hell which exemplifies the animalistic behaviors of the men in this time period. Churches are supposed to be places for people to have faith and feel hopeful, so a broken down church would convey a loss of hope and happiness. â€Å"He woke up in the nave of the ruinous church, blinking up at the vaulted ceiling and the tall swagged walls with their faded frescos. The floor of the church was deep in guano and the droppings of cattle and sheep† (26). McCarthy tends to depict scenes in very dark, demonic ways to portray how the characters are feeling and how they will behave. â€Å" but the demons in Blood Meridian inhabit a shadow world that speaks even to an atheist, an â€Å"absolute night† that McCarthy summons from after he has established the landscape whose true geology was not stone but fear† (Vann 1). All of the major characters in the novel have problems such as Judge Holden loving to kill and causing mischief for others. The hellish scenes that McCarthy creates help convey the negative feelings the character feel towards each other. Although McCarthy focuses on portraying the negative aspects of the novel through the landscape, there are also partially positive aspects. Although there is constant death and violence in every corner, the westerners of this period have havens where they can act carefree and not have to worry about anything, the saloon. Here many people drink, dance, and simply act wild while outside they have to be protective and cautious of who they interact with and trust. Many among the dancers were staggering drunk through the room and some had rid themselves of shirts and jackets and stood bare-chested and sweating even though the room was cold enough to cloud their breaths† (334). Although the westerners are extremely happy and content in the saloon’s, all of their feelings are just temporary. Alcohol lets them escape this world’s harsh, difficult challenges an d act carefree, but in the end they will have to return to the dark, dehumanized world in which they live in. In the bleak, morally bereft landscape of the borderlands, the Kid gradually discovers that there are no good or bad causes, only the unending savagery of both the Native Americans and their would-be conquerors† (Baird 970). The Kid learns that no matter what you do, in the end there will only be war and violence. By thinking this he is giving into what the Judge thought, that â€Å"before man was, war waited for him. The ultimate trade awaiting the ultimate practitioner† (248). In McCarthy’s classic Blood Meridian, the author shows readers how inhumane and violent the westerners in this period behaved. McCarthy describes the terrifying life of westerners through the barren landscape which helps convey the savagery of the society within it. Killing Indians for profit, molesting children, and killing innocent animals are all different forms of dehumanized corruption that occur in this novel. Always having to keep your back to a corner and having no one to trust is how westerners in this period lived. Blood Meridian reminds readers how challenging life was less than two hundred years ago and shows them how barbaric the people of that time behaved.